• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    A cutting insert brazed to a cutting tool body (101) consisting of a platelet-shaped metal substrate (11) with a tool-body attachment surface, a carrier alloy layer (12) high temperature brazing, an intermediate layer, a ceramic wafer (14). The brazing alloy layer connects the metal support (11) of the ceramic wafer (14) via the metal layer (13). A low temperature solder layer (16) connects the cutting insert (1, 1 ') to the tool body (101).
    公开号:FR3014005A1
    申请号:FR1461637
    申请日:2014-11-28
    公开日:2015-06-05
    发明作者:Timothee Grunder；Anne Piquerez
    申请人:DIAMONDE；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    [0001] Field of the Invention The present invention relates to the general technical field of cutting tools used for machining or cutting wood and / or composite materials based on wood and by-products.
    [0002] The invention more particularly relates to a method of manufacturing cutting tools and a method of repairing such cutting tools. The present invention also relates to the manufacture of cutting inserts, fixed on a tool body.
    [0003] STATE OF THE ART The cutting tools used to work with wood-based composite materials have inserts often made with a diamond powder mechanically bonded to a substrate, for example a metal carbide. The cutting inserts are then cut in this subassembly, to be then brazed to a tool body. The brazing is carried out at low temperature and at atmospheric pressure using a brazing alloy for example based on copper and silver. An electrical sharpening is then carried out, for example by electroerosion of the cutting inserts fixed on the tool body. The relatively high cost of these cutting tools is mainly related to the use of diamonds. This necessarily results in high costs of manufacturing and repairing these cutting tools.
    [0004] It has been proposed to replace diamonds with another more economical material in the manufacture of cutting tools. Tests were carried out with cutting inserts made of nitrided ceramics, for example Si3N4. To braze such materials on a steel tool body, pretreatment is required. In addition, the brazing must necessarily be carried out in a vacuum oven, at temperatures of around 1000 ° C for a period of about 10 to 15 minutes. The implementation of such brazing requires a complex and expensive installation In addition, the ceramic materials used have a very low coefficient of thermal expansion compared to that of steel, favoring the appearance of stress of mechanical origin during the cooling.
    [0005] The high brazing temperature can further cause the steel to become soaked, leading to an alteration of the mechanical properties of the material and consequently of the cutting tool. It should also be noted that brazing of all cutting inserts must be done simultaneously, which means keeping them on the tool body with tooling specially developed for each different geometry of the tool. The repair of such a tool is difficult to achieve and expensive insofar as the cutting inserts can not be disengaged individually.
    [0006] Also known, for example from WO 00/15355, another method of manufacturing a cutting tool. Such a cutting tool comprises cutting inserts, cermet, which are fixed on a tool body, for example by brazing. Prior to the brazing operation, the surfaces to be assembled using a solder alloy are cleaned electrolytically and chemically treated. A metal coating is also performed on these faces. Even if the described implementation examples make it possible to carry out a brazing at low temperature and to use standard brazing alloys, the fact remains that these examples are based on cermets adapted to electrolysis and secondly on the use of a chemical surface treatment. These operations are long and complex to implement. In addition, the reliability of the connection between the cutting insert and the tool body is controlled only with difficulty. Indeed, the dissimilarity of the physical properties of the cermet cutting insert and the substrate, too often generates a differential thermal expansion that can promote the disconnection of the cutting insert and damage the ceramic material. Similarly, the bond obtained at low temperature between the cermet and the metal layer obtained by electrolytic deposition is unsatisfactory because at low temperature the cermet does not absorb the metal. The bond obtained with the metal layer is therefore very low. There are various prior art documents relating to the brazing of ceramic elements to obtain tool components. These are for example the following documents: PCT 2005/042572, US 3,667,099, EP 0129 314. There is also according to EP 0 104 063 a method of manufacturing a boron nitride element, fixed to a carbide support. This method relates specifically to a nitride which is part of the non-oxide ceramics and further which is a compound formed from a powder of crystals agglomerated in a metal matrix; it does not allow applications to cutting tools for highly abrasive materials such as wood, especially reconstituted wood or particle composite.
    [0007] Such a cubic boron nitride compound does not present any particular brazing difficulties because of its composite nature. Document US Pat. No. 3,667,099 describes a process for brazing a boron nitride part on steel by brazing with a layer of pure copper on a tungsten carbide support which, for reasons of adaptation of the coefficients dilatation, it is then fixed by brazing at low temperature. As the previous document, it is materials formed of a powder of nitride crystals assembled by metal binders. But these nitrides are not suitable for cutting tools working under brutal conditions of machining very abrasive materials. It is also known to make ceramics brazing alloys, using a plating metal film applied to the ceramic prior to brazing with a reactive element such as Ti, Hf, Va. It is, according to this document, to achieve a gas-tight connection between a metal and a ceramic, avoiding the difficulties related to leaks that expansion can cause. All these known techniques relate to nitrides and cermets.
    [0008] OBJECT OF THE INVENTION The object of the present invention is to overcome the drawbacks of the prior art by developing a tool for cutting or machining wood and / or composite materials based on wood, comprising cutting inserts. ceramic oxide, having the physical characteristics necessary for the machining of wood: thermodynamic stability, hardness and homogeneity, among others. Another object of the present invention is to develop a process for manufacturing and repairing a cutting or machining tool that can be implemented quickly and economically, and in particular a method for manufacturing inserts. cutting in the form of oxide ceramic cutting inserts integral with a metal substrate, and intended to be fixed on a tool body. DESCRIPTION AND ADVANTAGES OF THE INVENTION For this purpose, the invention relates to a cutting insert for being brazed to a cutting tool body and having, superposed and assembled, a wafer-shaped metal substrate with a surface of attaching to the body of the tool, a high temperature solder alloy layer, an intermediate metal layer, a ceramic alumina plate, a yttria-containing zirconia or a combination of such compounds, the brazing alloy layer connecting the support metal to the ceramic wafer through the metal layer, the high temperature solder alloy is a silver-copper alloy with more than 50% by volume of silver or an alloy.
    [0009] According to one feature, the metal substrate is bonded to the brazing alloy layer via a metal layer. According to another characteristic, the metal substrate is made of steel, nickel-plated steel or tungsten carbide of specific grade. According to another characteristic, the ceramic plate is alumina, zirconia, yttria zirconia. According to the invention, the high-temperature brazing alloy is an Ag-Cu silver-copper alloy with more than 50% silver Ag volume or an Ag-Cu alloy with the addition of Zn, Mn and Ni.
    [0010] The invention also relates to a cutting tool composed of a tool body whose active surface is lined with cutting inserts as defined above, these cutting inserts being connected to the tool body by an alloy brazing temperature. This tool is particularly advantageous because it allows to replace the unit, such or such cutting plate damaged or worn without this replacement does not debrase the other teeth not concerned by the maintenance operation, does not affect the physical integrity of other cutting inserts not affected by a replacement. The low temperature brazing alloy of the cutting tool according to the invention is advantageously a silver-copper Ag-Cu alloy having at least 60% by volume of silver Ag. The invention also relates to a A method of manufacturing a cutting tool comprising a metal body for mounting on a machine and at least one cutting insert integral with the tool body, comprising securing the cutting insert to the metal tool body , characterized in that it consists in using a plate made with at least one oxide ceramic, chosen from a family of ceramic shades comprising alumina in pure alpha form or pure tetragonal yttrium zirconia, or a yttrium-alumina-zirconium composite. partially stabilized with at least 10% m zirconia, or unstabilised pure alumina-zirconia with not more than 16% m zirconia or a zirconia-alumina composite with not less than 20% m. of alumina in alpha form and a metal substrate plate having substantially the same dimensions as the ceramic plate, applying a first solder alloy between the ceramic plate and the metal substrate plate made of a material selected from tungsten carbide and steel, tungsten carbide composite with at least 10% m cobalt and nickel-plated steel (C45), in particular based on steel (16MnCr15) or steel (C45), and a deposit a metal layer between the ceramic plate and the first solder alloy; brazing the ceramic plate on the substrate plate by vacuum brazing, at high temperature, with the first solder alloy: the high temperature brazing alloy is a silver-copper alloy with more than 50% by volume of silver or an alloy. Cutting into the assembly thus obtained, the cutting inserts, brazing the cutting insert on the tool body by brazing at atmospheric pressure, at low temperature, with a second solder alloy.
    [0011] According to a characteristic of the manufacturing method, during step b), a layer of metallic material is deposited on one of the faces of the ceramic plate and on one of the faces of the substrate plate, these faces being brought into contact with the first solder alloy.
    [0012] According to another characteristic of the manufacturing method, the first solder alloy is a sheet, and during step b), a layer of metallic material is deposited on both sides of the sheet of first solder alloy, these two faces being respectively brought into contact with one of the faces of the ceramic plate and one of the faces of the substrate plate. According to another characteristic of the manufacturing method, the metallization of step b) consists in applying a layer of metallic paint. According to another feature, an silver-copper alloy comprising less than 60% silver by volume is used as a low temperature brazing alloy. According to one characteristic, the vacuum brazing of step c) at high temperature is carried out at a temperature of between 760 ° C. and 820 ° C.
    [0013] According to an exemplary embodiment, the brazing at atmospheric pressure of step e) is carried out at a temperature of between 560 ° C. and 620 ° C. The manufacturing method according to the invention uses a soldering flux to treat the corresponding faces prior to brazing at atmospheric pressure. In an exemplary embodiment, the cutting inserts attached to the tool body are mechanically sharpened using an abrasive grinding wheel. The invention also relates to a method of repairing a cutting tool obtained according to the manufacturing method previously described, to replace a deteriorated cutting insert, characterized in that it consists in: - heating locally at atmospheric pressure, the tool for destroying the solder between the substrate of the damaged cutting insert and the tool body; and - attaching a new cutting insert to the local brazing tool body, at atmospheric pressure and at a low temperature, using the second solder alloy for securing the substrate of the new cutting insert to the tool body.
    [0014] According to one characteristic, the heating of the cutting tool is done locally by electromagnetic induction. The invention also relates to a method of manufacturing a cutting insert based on an oxide ceramic material, intended to be secured to a metal body to form a cutting or machining tool, characterized in that it consists in: a ') using a ceramic plate and a metal substrate plate of substantially the same dimensions, b') connecting with a first solder alloy the ceramic plate and the metal substrate plate, and with a deposit of at least one layer of metal material at least between the ceramic plate and the first solder alloy, c ') affixing the ceramic plate to the substrate plate by vacuum brazing and at high temperature, using the first solder alloy; and d) cutting into the assembly thus obtained, at least one insert consisting of the cutting insert covered by the substrate on the entirety of one of its faces. According to a feature of the manufacturing process, the cutting insert is cut using a high-pressure water jet, a laser or a diamond abrasive disc. On a tool made according to the invention, it is easy to replace a worn or damaged cutting insert. The connections of the other cutting inserts are not altered because the repair step is carried out locally and at low temperature. The repair and maintenance is carried out at ambient temperature and at atmospheric pressure, without the need for specific installations such as an oven or an installation to create a vacuum. This results in a substantially lower maintenance cost. The stresses associated with differential thermal expansion are minimal, resulting in increased service life for the connections between the cutting inserts and the tool body. Attaching the cutting inserts to the tool body at low temperatures reduces the risk of soaking the tool body.
    [0015] Contrary to all expectations, the machined edges obtained with the tools according to the invention are sufficiently precise and rectilinear in terms of surface quality and machining result, in particular on machined parts made of wood-based composite material. In addition, tool repairers are not obliged to equip themselves with a high temperature oven and producing a vacuum. All they need is to stock up on ceramic-substrate plate assemblies, which will then be cut. The replacement of several damaged cutting inserts on a tool according to the invention is carried out individually and successively using, for example, the same holding means of the robotic arm type. A tool of complex shape can thus be repaired in a way as economical as a tool of simple form. The bond obtained by high temperature brazing under vacuum is more suitable for bonding dissimilar materials such as a ceramic material and a metal substrate. It then becomes possible to choose a ceramic material from a large number of ceramic oxide grades. Thus, nuances of oxide ceramics that could not be attached to a tool body by a low temperature brazing operation could be attached to the intermediate substrate by the high temperature brazing operation. Drawings The present invention will be described in more detail below with the aid of examples of cutting inserts according to the invention, tools equipped with such inserts and a process for producing cutting inserts. tool for cutting and replacing a used cutting insert on a tool, shown in the accompanying drawings in which: - Figure 1 is a schematic sectional view on an enlarged scale of a first embodiment of a cutting insert according to the invention, - Figure 2 is a sectional view similar to that of Figure 1 of an alternative embodiment of a cutting insert, - Figure 3 is a sectional view of a tool equipped with cutting insert according to the invention, - Figure 4 is a schematic representation of an exemplary cutting tool according to the invention; - Figure 5 is a plan view of a saw blade according to the invention; - Figure 6 is an axial sectional view of a finishing cutter according to the invention; - Figure 7 is a plan view of a shredder according to the invention comprising two types of cutting inserts of different size and dimensions; and Figure 8 is a plan view of a router bit according to the invention. FIGS. 9-11 schematically illustrate the successive steps of the method of manufacturing cutting inserts according to the invention; DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS According to FIG. 1, a subject of the invention is a cutting insert 1 represented schematically and on a very enlarged scale, in section. The direction D is that of the thickness of the wafer 1. The wafer 1 consists of a metal substrate 11 having a fixing surface 1a for fixing the wafer 1 to the body of the cutting tool and a brazing surface 1 lb. The brazing surface 1 lb is covered by a layer of high-temperature brazing alloy 12 itself covered or connected to a ceramic wafer 14 via a metal layer 13. All of these elements 11, 12 13, 14, soldered to a substantially parallelepipedal shape, the ceramic wafer 14 covering the surface of the metal substrate 11. The one or more faces of the cutting wafer 1 are sharpened, if appropriate (the sharpened surface as an example the reference la). FIG. 2 is a sectional view similar to that of FIG. 1 of an alternative cutting insert 1, which differs from the blank 1 of FIG. 1 only in the presence of a second layer. the other elements are identical or analogous to those of Figure 1 and have the same references. Their description will not be repeated. The metal substrate 11 is a steel, nickel-plated C45 steel, WC-Co tungsten carbide plate. The high-temperature solder alloy layer 12 is a silver-copper Ag-Cu alloy having a silver content greater than 50% by volume or an alloy 49Ag 27.5Cu 20.5Zn 2.5Mn 0.5Ni . It may be an Ag-Cu alloy with addition of Zn, Mn and Ni. The ceramic wafer 14 is made of alumina cc-Al 2 O 3 or yttriated zirconia 3Y-ZrO 2. FIG. 3 shows very schematically and in greatly enlarged section a cutting tool 100 at the location 102 of the cutting insert 1. This tool 100 comprises several or many cutting inserts according to the work to be done. with the tool 100. The cutting inserts 1, the are of identical or different dimensions. The cutting inserts 1, 1 'are connected to the body 101 of the cutting tool 100 at locations 102 by brazing with a low temperature solder alloy layer 16. This braze alloy Low temperature wise 16 is a silver-copper Ag-Cu alloy having at least 60% by volume of silver Ag. The plates 1, 1 'are obtained by cutting plates of larger dimensions having the same structure. Layer that platelets 1, the above described and whose manufacturing process will be described with reference to FIGS. 9 to 11. FIG. 4 shows a tool 110 in the form of milling cutter, of axis xx whose body cylindrical 111 is provided with cutting inserts 112 according to the invention. These cutting inserts 112 are of rectangular or square shape similar to the plates 1, 1 'of Figures 1-3. Only two plates are represented, whereas in fact the body 111 of the tool comprises a plurality of plates 112 distributed regularly around the periphery but also in the direction of the axis of rotation xx, for example by a staggered arrangement of a crown of platelets to the other, to regulate and densify the peripheral distribution of the wafers and give the cutter 110 a height of H1 corresponding to the axial length of platelet distribution 112. The platelets 112 are connected to the body 111 by a solder such as that of Figure 3 made using a low temperature solder alloy for local de-grinding of a cutting insert 112, damaged and its replacement by a new plate 112 which will be fixed by local soldering. FIG. 5 is a plan view of a circular saw disc 120 formed of a body 121 with a fixing hole 122 and peripheral teeth 123 each provided with a cutting insert 124. These plates 124 are fixed to the teeth 123 by low temperature solders according to the invention, allowing local soldering / debrushing. FIG. 6 shows an axial sectional view (axis xx) of a milling cutter 130, for example a finishing mill formed of a hub 131 provided with a bore 132 for its installation on a machine shaft. The hub 131 carries a stack of milling discs 133-1, 133-2, 133-3 separated by wedges 134-1, 134-2 depending on the application, that is to say for example the thickness of the plate or workpiece with the cutter.
    [0016] The disks 133-1, 133-2, 133-3 are similar to saw disks provided with peripheral teeth 135 each having a cutting insert 136. The disks 131-1, 131-2, 131-3 are, except exception, identical, locked in rotation about the axis xx and preferably angularly offset from each other about the axis xx so that the mill is balanced as much as possible in rotation about its axis. The assembly thus formed is blocked by connecting means not shown. The finishing cutter 130 installed on the machine shaft only works with one cutter disc at a time. The cutter is positioned so that the cutter disc is put in the active position by moving the shaft along the axis xx. Once the pads 136 of the bur disk (133-n) are worn, the shaft is moved longitudinally along its axis xx by one increment to position another disk 133-n at the appropriate location and work with this disk and so on until all the discs (or their cutting insert) are worn. Only then is the milling cutter replaced by a new milling cutter. Figure 7 shows another tool 140 such as a chipping tool 140 similar to a circular saw blade. This tool 140 has a body 141 with a mounting hole 142 and rotational locking holes 143. The periphery of the body carries a large number of teeth 144 provided with two sets of cutting inserts 145a, 145b of different sizes.
    [0017] These cutting inserts 145a, 145b are attached to the teeth 144 by low temperature solders facilitating not only the manufacture but also the repair of damaged or removed teeth to replace them with new pads. Figure 8 is a plan view of a router bit 150 formed of a three-toothed body 151 each provided with a cutting insert 153 secured by a low temperature solder. In summary, FIGS. 5 to 8 schematically represent the cutting tool according to the invention, which is a circular saw blade 120, a slotting blade, a finishing cutter 130, a shredder 140, a cutter 150, a boring milling tool, a milling tool with a shank, a bit, or any other tool for working wood or composite materials, by removal of material. The same cutting tool may comprise several plates also called inserts, brazed to the tool body at angles and positions specific to the tool application. The same cutting tool may comprise platelets or inserts 1, l 'of different compositions or of different dimensions as shown in FIG. 7 which may all be soldered to the tool body 141 during the same step, or during two successive soldering steps. In the latter case, the first brazing is carried out at a first temperature adapted to an insert of a given composition, while the second brazing is performed at another temperature adapted to an insert having another composition, this second temperature being less than the first not to damage the previous brazing. Figures 9 to 11 show different steps of manufacturing a cutting insert 1, the for a metal tool body to be mounted on a machine and at least one cutting insert integral with the tool body.
    [0018] For the description of the process, the steps of which are shown diagrammatically in FIGS. 9 to 11, reference will also be made to FIGS. 1 to 3 which are very simplified for the elements of the structure of the cutting insert 1, 1 '. The numerical references of these elements will be repeated followed by the suffix A for the purposes of the description without these references will not all be reported in FIGS. 9 to 11. Thus, the metal plate of the substrate will bear the reference 11A, the ceramic plate will bear reference 14A, the high temperature solder alloy will bear the reference 12A, the first metallization layer 13A and the second metallization layer 15A. The different parts have their reference suffixed with the suffix A since they are the composition elements which are then found in the cutting inserts 1, 1 '. These pads are also called "inserts" since these cutting pads are attached to the tool body 101 by solders 16.
    [0019] In a first step a) (FIG. 9), a ceramic plate 14A and a metal substrate plate 11A of substantially the same dimensions are used. The ceramic plate 14A is preferably made with at least one oxide ceramic shade, selected from a family of ceramic shades comprising alumina cc-Al 2 O 3, and yttrium zirconia 3Y-ZrO 2 or a mixture of such shades of ceramic oxides. The metal substrate plate 11A is preferably made of a material selected from tungsten carbide and steel and especially WC-Co tungsten carbide and nickel-plated C45 steel. The ceramic plate 14A and the metal substrate plate 11A preferably each have a thickness of between 0.5 and 5 millimeters, and more preferably a thickness of about 3 millimeters. In a second step b), a layer of a metal material is deposited between the ceramic plate 21 and a first solder alloy which will be used in a subsequent soldering step c). This layer of metallic material is deposited on at least one of the faces in contact during step c). Similarly, during the second step b), a layer of a metallic material is deposited between the metal substrate plate 11A and the first solder alloy 15A.
    [0020] As before, this layer of metal material is deposited on at least one of the faces coming into contact during step c). These metallization layers allow a better bond with the solder alloy for the ceramic plate 14A and the metal substrate plate 11A. The deposition of this metallic material, preferably in the form of a paint, is carried out by any known means. According to an alternative embodiment, during the second step b), the ceramic plate 14A is coated on one of its faces 6 with a layer of a metallic material for metallization purposes as well as one of the faces of the metal substrate plate 11A. According to another variant embodiment, in the case of the brazing alloy in the form of a metal foil, during the second step b), this brazing alloy foil is coated on both sides with a layer of a metallic material for metallization purposes. According to another variant, in the case where the brazing alloy which will be used during brazing of the third step is in the form of a metal foil, during the second step b), this brazing alloy sheet may be coated on one of its faces with a layer of a metallic material for metallization purposes, while the ceramic plate 14A or the metal substrate plate 11A intended to be in contact with the non-surface metallized of said solder alloy sheet may also be coated on one of its faces or with a layer of a metallic material. In a third step shown in Figure 10, the ceramic plate 14A is fixed on the substrate plate 11A by vacuum brazing and at high temperature. This brazing is performed by means of a high temperature solder alloy 15A, for example a silver-copper alloy preferably comprising more than 50% silver by volume or a silver-indium-titanium alloy. The brazing under vacuum at high temperature, for example is made at a temperature between 760 ° C and 820 ° C.
    [0021] In a fourth step shown in Figure 11, is cut in the assembly 20 thus obtained, a cutting plate 1, 1 ', covered by the substrate 11 on the entirety of one of its faces. This cutting is performed by means of a jet of pressurized water, a laser or a diamond disc.
    [0022] During an intermediate step, the wafer 1, the is rectified by removal of material, in particular to sharpen the cutting wafer 3, give an angle of inclination to the upper face of the ceramic wafer 14, and / or reduce at least one dimension of the wafer 1, 1 '. After grinding, the wafer 1 has a thickness of preferably between 0.5 and 5 millimeters, and more preferably a thickness of about 3 millimeters. During a fifth step shown in FIG. 11, the wafer 1, 1 'is fixed on the tool body 101 by brazing at atmospheric pressure, at low temperature, in order to secure the substrate 11 to the tool body 101. This brazing is carried out by means of the low-temperature brazing alloy, for example a silver-copper alloy preferably comprising less than 60% silver by volume, at atmospheric pressure and at a low temperature, for example between 560 ° C. C and 620 ° C.
    [0023] In the brazing field, a temperature of less than 650 ° C. and a high temperature of above 750 ° C. are considered low. This operation does not require prior metallization of the surfaces to be brazed, but a solder flux can be used to treat the corresponding faces before soldering at atmospheric pressure. Indeed, usually the tool body 101 is for example based on 16MnCr5 steel or C45 steel, capable of oxidation, which is detrimental to soldering. The thin oxide layer can be removed before soldering by filing and passing a flux; this decalant can be applied by painting. In a last possible step, the manufacture of a cutting tool 100 is a mechanical sharpening of the cutting inserts 1 ', 1' fixed on the tool body 101, using for example an abrasive wheel. The invention also relates to a method of repairing a cutting tool 100 obtained according to the manufacturing method described above. This repair method consists in a first step of locally heating, at atmospheric pressure, the tool 100 to destroy the solder 16 between the substrate 11 of the cutting insert 1, the damaged one and the tool body 102. and then attaching a new cutting insert 1, on the tool body 102 using local brazing, at atmospheric pressure and at low temperature. The low temperature brazing alloy 16 is used to secure the substrate 11 of the new cutting insert 1 to the tool body 102. The local heating of the cutting tool 100 is preferably effected by electromagnetic induction. . By way of illustration, examples of implementation of methods of manufacturing a cutting tool 100 according to the invention are given below. Example 1: A ceramic plate composed of 100% alumina cc-A1203 is coated on one of its faces with a layer of metallic paint.
    [0024] A metal plate of WC-Co tungsten carbide with at least 30% m Co of the same dimensions is also coated on one of its faces with a layer of metallic paint. The metallized face of the ceramic plate is then fixed under vacuum and at 810 ° C. to the metallized face of the tungsten carbide metal plate by means of a soldering operation. This brazing is carried out using a silver-copper alloying alloy comprising more than 50% silver and in particular 72% Ag by volume. The assembly thus obtained is then cut into cutting inserts by means of a jet of pressurized water, a laser or a diamond disc. Inserts each having a cutting insert are then secured by their substrate to the tool body by means of brazing at atmospheric pressure and at a temperature between 560 ° C and 620 ° C. This brazing is performed on an electromagnetic inductor by means of a silver-copper alloying alloy comprising less than 60% silver by volume. Example 2: A ceramic plate composed of 100% yttrie zirconia 3Y-Zr02 is coated on one of its faces with a layer of metallic paint. A nickel plated steel plate C45 of the same dimensions is also coated on one of its faces with a layer of metallic paint.
    [0025] The metallized face of the ceramic plate is then fixed under vacuum at 780 ° C. to the metallized face of the steel metal plate by soldering using a silver-copper brazing alloy comprising more than 50% silver by volume. The assembly thus obtained is then cut into cutting inserts by means of a jet of pressurized water, a laser or a diamond disk.
    [0026] Inserts each having a cutting insert are then secured by their substrate to the tool body by brazing at atmospheric pressure and at a temperature between 560 ° C and 620 ° C. This soldering is performed on an electromagnetic inductor using a silver-copper solder alloy comprising less than 60% silver by volume. Example 3: A ceramic plate composed of 90% alumina cc-A1203 and 10% zirconia ZrO 2 coated on one side with a layer of metallic paint and a metal tungsten plate WC-30Co is used. of the same dimensions with on one of its faces a layer of metallic paint. The metallized face of the ceramic plate is then fixed under vacuum at 800 ° C. to the metallized face of the tungsten metal plate by soldering using a silver-copper alloy comprising more than 50% silver by volume. The assembly thus obtained is cut into cutting inserts by means of a jet of pressurized water, a laser or a diamond disk. Inserts each having a cutting insert are then secured by their substrate to the tool body by brazing at atmospheric pressure and at a temperature between 560 ° C and 620 ° C. This soldering is performed on an electromagnetic inductor using a silver-copper alloying alloy comprising less than 60% silver by volume.
    [0027] 19 NOMENCLATURE 1 Cutting plate Surface not sharp lb Surface not sharpened 11 Metal substrate 1 Brazing surface 1 lb Mounting surface 12 High temperature soldering alloy 13 Metal layer Metal layer 16 Low temperature brazing alloy 11A Metal plate 12A Foil solder alloy 15 13A Metallic layer 14A Ceramic plate 15A Metallic layer Assembly 100 Cutting tool 20 101 Tool body 102 Cutter insert location 1, the 110 Cutter 111 Body 112 Cutting plate 120 Disc Circular saw 121 Body 122 Fixing hole 123 Peripheral tooth 124 Cutting pad 130 Finishing cutter 131 Spindle 132 Bore 133_1, 133_2, 133_3 Cutter disc 134_1, 134_2 Spades 135 Peripheral tooth 136 Cutting insert 140 Chipping tool 141 Body 142 Mounting hole 143 Rotating locking light 144 Dent 145a, 145b Cutting inserts 150 151 Horn router bit ps 152 Tooth 153 Cutting plate D Direction of cutter thickness H1 Working height xx Tool axis
    权利要求:
    Claims (4)
    [0001]
    CLAIMS1 °) A cutting insert for brazing to a cutting tool body for working with wood-based composite materials having, superimposed and assembled, a platelet-shaped metal substrate (11) with a fastening surface (11a) to the body of the tool, - a layer (12) of high temperature brazing alloy, - a metal layer (13) intermediate, a ceramic plate (14) of alumina (A1203), yttrié zirconia (3Y -ZrO2) or a combination of such compounds, - the brazing alloy layer (12) connecting the metal support (11) to the ceramic plate via the metal layer (13), and - the alloy high temperature brazing (12) is a silver-copper alloy (Ag-Cu) with more than 50% by volume of silver (Ag) or an alloy (Ag-Ind-Ti).
    [0002]
    2) cutting insert according to claim 1, characterized in that the metal substrate (11) is connected to the brazing alloy layer (12) via a metal layer (15), in particular based on of Ti.
    [0003]
    3 °) cutting insert according to claim 1, characterized in that the metal substrate (11) is made of steel, nickel-plated steel (C45) or tungsten carbide (WC-Co).
    [0004]
    4) A cutting tool consisting of a tool body (101) whose active surface is provided with cutting inserts according to any one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the platelets section (1, 1 ') are connected to the tool body (101) by a low temperature brazing alloy (16) .355 °) Cutting tool according to claim 6, characterized in that the brazing alloy Temperature is a silver-copper alloy (Ag-Cu) having at least 60% by volume of silver (Ag). 6) Method for manufacturing a cutting tool for working with wood-based composite materials comprising a metal body intended to be mounted on a machine and at least one cutting insert (1, 1 ') integral with the body of tool, consisting of fixing the cutting insert on the metal tool body, characterized in that it consists in: a) using a plate made of at least one oxide ceramic shade, chosen from a family of ceramic grades comprising alumina (Al 2 O 3) or yttria (3Y-ZrO 2) or a mixture of ceramic oxide grades selected from alumina (Al 2 O 3), zirconia (ZrO 2) and yttria (3 Y-ZrO 2), (14A ) and a metal substrate plate (11A) having substantially the same dimensions as the ceramic plate (14A), b) applying a first solder alloy (12A) between the ceramic plate (14A) and the metal substrate plate (11A) , is made of a material selected from carbide tungsten, steel, tungsten carbide (WC-Co) composite WC-XCo (with X ', 30 `) / 0 Co) and steel (C45) nickel-plated especially steel-based (16MnCr5) or steel (C45), and depositing a metal layer between the ceramic plate (14A) and the first solder alloy; c) brazing the ceramic plate (14A) on the substrate plate (11A) by vacuum brazing, at high temperature, with the first solder alloy, the high temperature brazing alloy (12) being a silver-copper alloy ( Ag-Cu) at greater than 50% by volume of silver (Ag) or an alloy (Ag-Ind-Ti). d) cutting in the assembly (20) thus obtained, the cutting inserts (1, 1 '), e) brazing the cutting insert (1, 1') on the tool body by brazing at atmospheric pressure, low temperature, with a second brazing alloy. 355 °) Manufacturing method according to claim 6, characterized in that during step b), a metal layer (13A, 15A) is deposited on one of the faces of the ceramic plate (14A) and on one of the faces of the substrate plate (11A), these faces being in contact with the high temperature brazing alloy (12A). 8 °) manufacturing method according to claim 7, characterized in that the high temperature brazing alloy (12A) is in the form of a sheet, and during step b), a metal layer (13A, 15A) is deposited on both sides of the brazing alloy sheet (12A), these two faces respectively being in contact with one of the faces (6) of the ceramic plate (14A) and one of the faces of the substrate plate (11A). 9) Manufacturing method according to claim 6, characterized in that the metallization under step b) consists in applying a layer of metallic paint, in particular based on Ti. 10 °) manufacturing method according to claim 6, characterized in that the vacuum brazing of step c) is made at a high temperature of between 760 ° C and 820 ° C and the brazing at atmospheric pressure of the step e), is made at a temperature of between 560 ° C and 620 ° C. 11 °) Manufacturing method according to claim 6, characterized in that with a solder flux, the faces are treated before brazing at atmospheric pressure. 12 °) Manufacturing method according to claim 6, characterized in that the cutting inserts (1, 1 ') fixed on the tool body (2) are sharpened using an abrasive grinding wheel. repair of a cutting tool (1) obtained according to the manufacturing method according to any one of claims 4 to 12 by replacing a deteriorated cutting insert (3), characterized in that it consists in: heating locally, at atmospheric pressure, the tool for destroying the solder (12) between the substrate (11) of the deteriorated wafer (1, 1 ') and the tool body; and attaching a new cutting insert (1, 1 ') to the tool body by local brazing, at atmospheric pressure and at a low temperature, with the second brazing alloy (16) for securing the substrate (11) of the new cutting insert (1, 1 ') to the tool body and in particular that it consists of heating the cutting tool (1) locally by electromagnetic induction for de-soldering / brazing.
    类似技术:
    公开号 | 公开日 | 专利标题
    FR3014005A1|2015-06-05|TOOL CUTTING PLATE
    EP2018918B1|2010-01-27|Drill for high-speed perforation of composite materials
    KR950007672B1|1995-07-14|Polycrystalline diamond cutting tod and method of making the same
    JP2015142959A|2015-08-06|Thick thermal barrier coating for super-abrasive tool
    EP0345114A1|1989-12-06|Tool for a mining machine having an abrasive diamond part
    US7059811B2|2006-06-13|Cutting tool coated with diamond
    JP5432971B2|2014-03-05|Sliding member and manufacturing method thereof
    JP2007517954A|2007-07-05|Coated abrasive
    JP2008272863A|2008-11-13|Gaseous phase synthetic diamond tip and diamond tool
    JP2013519614A|2013-05-30|Carbide element, method of using the same and method of manufacturing the same
    JPH06297206A|1994-10-25|Hard sintered tool and its manufacture
    JP2012161873A|2012-08-30|Diamond-coated cutting tool
    RU2475338C2|2013-02-20|Machining tool component
    FR2886179A1|2006-12-01|Machining of a groove in the periphery of a component by a combined stitching and polishing operation with a single integrated machine, notably for a disc of a rotor for a turbine
    WO2010142747A1|2010-12-16|Method for machining cmc turbine blades using a pcd tool
    JP2017196688A|2017-11-02|Rotary Cutting Tool
    JP2005088178A|2005-04-07|Diamond sintered body tool and its manufacturing method
    FR3007676A1|2015-01-02|ROTATING TOOL WHOSE ACTIVE MACHINING PART HAS A PLURALITY OF PLOTS HAVING EACH A CUTTING AREA
    BE833497A|1976-01-16|COMPACT ABRASIVE BODIES
    EP3626376A1|2020-03-25|Hob cutter for producing timepiece toothed wheels
    CN113732366A|2021-12-03|Ultrasonic vibration machining tool for inner wall of deep small hole and preparation method thereof
    JP5266587B2|2013-08-21|CBN sintered body for cutting tools containing coarse cBN particles
    JP5239059B2|2013-07-17|Coated cBN sintered tool for high precision cutting
    JP2013521134A|2013-06-10|Thick thermal barrier coating for superabrasive tools
    JP2013521134A6|2013-08-08|Thick thermal barrier coating for superabrasive tools
    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    CN105899326B|2019-08-27|
    WO2015079183A1|2015-06-04|
    US10814435B2|2020-10-27|
    CN105899326A|2016-08-24|
    FR3014005B1|2016-01-08|
    WO2015079183A4|2015-07-30|
    EP3074171A1|2016-10-05|
    US20170001267A1|2017-01-05|
    FR3014000A1|2015-06-05|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    US3667099A|1970-07-31|1972-06-06|Du Pont|Method of securing dense, metal-bonded refractory nitride bodies to steel and product|
    EP0104063A2|1982-09-16|1984-03-28|De Beers Industrial Diamond Division Limited|Abrasive bodies comprising boron nitride|
    EP0129314A2|1983-06-17|1984-12-27|Stc Plc|Bonding metal to ceramic|
    EP0477093A1|1990-09-20|1992-03-25|Societe Nationale D'etude Et De Construction De Moteurs D'aviation, "S.N.E.C.M.A."|Milling cutter tool with body and head made out of different materials and method of making|
    US5234152A|1992-01-07|1993-08-10|Regents Of The University Of California|Transient liquid phase ceramic bonding|
    US5352542A|1992-09-02|1994-10-04|Degussa Aktiengesellschaft|Use of silver alloys as cadium-free brazing solder|
    WO2000015355A1|1998-09-14|2000-03-23|Northwest Research Institute, Inc.|Method of treating ceramics for use as tips in saws and other tools or other structures|
    DE10247715A1|2002-10-12|2004-04-22|Actech Gmbh Advanced Casting Technologies Giessereitechnologie|Multi-cutter milling tool, for the direct cutting into mold sand to prepare large casting molds, has a crown body with crown teeth, fitted with slits to take exchangeable cutting plates|
    US20040155096A1|2003-02-07|2004-08-12|General Electric Company|Diamond tool inserts pre-fixed with braze alloys and methods to manufacture thereof|
    JP2005186214A|2003-12-25|2005-07-14|Ngk Spark Plug Co Ltd|Cutting insert and cutting tool|
    WO2006086037A1|2004-11-30|2006-08-17|The Regents Of The University Of California|Braze system with matched coefficients of thermal expansion|
    JP2012076219A|2010-09-07|2012-04-19|Ngk Spark Plug Co Ltd|Tool jointing body, cutting tool using the same and method of manufacturing tool jointing body|
    GB560031A|1941-07-21|1944-03-16|Leo James St Clair|Improvements in or relating to the production of composite tools by brazing|
    US3137586A|1960-01-28|1964-06-16|Gen Electric|Low electrical resistance metal to metal oxide bonding composition|
    GB1029879A|1964-11-20|1966-05-18|Standard Telephones Cables Ltd|Ceramic-metal seals|
    US3676086A|1968-11-25|1972-07-11|Du Pont|Metal/carbide-oxide composite|
    CN1027797C|1992-03-25|1995-03-08|中国科学院金属研究所|Anti-oxidation active metallic soldering material for welding ceramics|
    US5272940A|1992-06-09|1993-12-28|Dico Corporation|Helically fluted tool|
    JP4367675B2|1999-10-21|2009-11-18|日本碍子株式会社|Adhesive composition for joining ceramic member and metal member, manufacturing method of composite member using the same composition, and composite member obtained by the manufacturing method|
    US20020170407A1|2001-02-20|2002-11-21|Sheffield Saw And Tool Co., Inc.|Polycrystalline cubic baron nitride woodworking tools and methods|
    US20050089440A1|2003-10-24|2005-04-28|Kembaiyan Kumar T.|Braze alloy|
    US20080063889A1|2006-09-08|2008-03-13|Alan Duckham|Reactive Multilayer Joining WIth Improved Metallization Techniques|
    WO2012091535A1|2010-12-27|2012-07-05|Universiti Sains Malaysia|Zirconia-toughened-alumina ceramic inserts with the addition of nano particle metal oxides as additives|US9962774B2|2014-12-08|2018-05-08|The Boeing Company|Cutting tool|
    CN106346190A|2016-11-03|2017-01-25|福建福晶科技股份有限公司|Method for trimming planeness of diamond cutting blade|
    EP3342516A1|2017-01-02|2018-07-04|HILTI Aktiengesellschaft|Tool|
    CN110253100B|2019-07-25|2020-11-27|哈尔滨工业大学|YSZ ceramic and stainless steel air reaction brazing connection method|
    法律状态:
    2016-03-17| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 2 |
    2016-11-28| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 3 |
    2017-11-27| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 4 |
    2019-11-25| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 6 |
    2020-10-21| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 7 |
    2021-11-29| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 8 |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    FR1361836A|FR3014000A1|2013-11-29|2013-11-29|METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING AND REPAIRING A CUTTING TOOL|
    FR1461637A|FR3014005B1|2013-11-29|2014-11-28|TOOL CUTTING PLATE|FR1461637A| FR3014005B1|2013-11-29|2014-11-28|TOOL CUTTING PLATE|
    US15/039,996| US10814435B2|2013-11-29|2014-11-28|Cutting insert, cutting tool comprising such an insert and methods for producing and repairing such a tool|
    PCT/FR2014/053077| WO2015079183A1|2013-11-29|2014-11-28|Cutting insert, cutting tool comprising such an insert and methods for producing and repairing such a tool|
    [返回顶部]